Все причины появления бородавок на руках
Папилломы, называемые также бородавками, встречаются у 100% людей. Они могут расти на любой части тела: туловище, лице, шее, стопах, руках. В своем большинстве это безвредные образования, создающие исключительно косметический дефект, но при некоторых случаях они способны превращаться в рак кожи – малигнизироваться. Чаще всего это папилломы, поддающиеся постоянным травмам, а именно бородавки на руках, причины возникновения которых – вирусы. Несмотря на большое разнообразие как бородавок, так и вирусов, их вызывающих, способностью к раковому перерождению обладают только несколько видов. Зная, откуда берутся бородавки на руках, можно прилагать все усилия по их профилактике и лечению, если не удалось избежать патологии.
Виды бородавок
Растут бородавки медленно, иногда, разросшись до определенных размеров, она может сохранять одну форму в течении всей последующей жизни. Снаружи ее покрывает кожный эпителий, незначительно отличающийся по своему строению от обычного, на нормальной коже. Бывает несколько типов бородавок:
- Плоские – возвышаются над уровнем кожи на 1 — 2 мм, возникают в детском и подростковом возрасте, светло-коричневой или телесной окраски. Поражают руки, пальцы, особенно тыльную сторону.
- Обыкновенные, вульгарные – вырастают чаще всего у взрослых на подошвенной поверхности стопы, ладонях, возвышаются над кожей на 2 — 5 мм. Растут группами, имеют серы или бурый окрас.
- Кондиломы остроконечные – бородавки на гениталиях, темные, коричневые. Поражают слизистые оболочки половых органов, анальное кольцо.
- Нитевидные папилломы – появляются в местах повышенного трения кожи (подмышечные впадины, шея, кожа под грудными железами у женщин). Наросты поражают женщин климактерического периода.
- Старческие бородавки или себорейные кератозы – возникают в старческом возрасте по всему телу. Не относятся к истинным бородавкам из-за иных причин появления.
Исходя из международной классификации болезней ВОЗ выделяют следующие виды папиллом:
- Аногенные бородавки.
- Папиллома мочевого пузыря.
- Папиллома шейки матки.
- Папиллома гортани.
При этом причины появления первого и третьего типа, согласно классификации ВОЗ – половой акт.
До ХХ века многие ученые задавались вопросом от чего появляются бородавки на руках, туловище, лице, прочих частях тела. К 2003-му году насчитывалось уже более 27 видов наростов.
Причина появления бородавок на руках
Причина возникновения бородавок любых типов – вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ). В настоящий момент насчитывается более 120 типов вируса. Некоторые из них передаются при половом акте, а другие – при обычных бытовых контактах. Рост бородавок на ладони и всей верхней конечности связано с проникновением внутрь организма ВПЧ 2 и 4 типа.
Причинами возникновения бородавок является исключительно вирус. Он передается только от человека к человеку. Наросты на руках могут возникнуть после травм, рукопожатий и использования общих с заразившимся человеком предметов.
Инкубационный период при заражении ВПЧ составляет от нескольких недель до десятков лет. В настоящий момент по различным данным носителями хотя бы одного из штаммов вирусов является от 60 до 100% населения планеты. Проявляет себя заболевание при снижении общего или локального иммунитета, во время переохлаждениях, травмах, простудных заболеваниях, отчего вследствие и появляются папилломы.
Провоцирующими причинами для бородавок на руках могут выступать травмы, термические или химические ожоги, местное переохлаждение, постоянный контакт с больным.
ВПЧ, являющиеся причиной бородавок на руках редко сам по себе, без внешних воздействий и постоянных травм, перерождается в рак кожи. Чаще всего малигнизируются вирусы, вызывающие папилломы шейки матки (70%), всевозможные штаммы, передающиеся половым путем.
При этом от передачи ВПЧ через половой контакт не спасет даже применение презервативов.
Отличие бородавки от онкологических образований
Чтобы не пропустить серьёзное заболевание, а именно рак или предрак, необходимо постоянно наблюдать за своим телом как таковым и бородавками, в частности. Если вы впервые заметили у себя эти образования, то стоит сдать анализы крови на наличие онкогенных штаммов вируса в лаборатории. В случае если вы давно знаете о наличии у себя ВПЧ, то остается только следить за ростом и развитием уже имеющихся кожных образований.
Признаки нормальной папилломы:
- медленный рост;
- размеры до 1 см над уровнем кожи и до 1,5 см в диаметре;
- отсутствие кровоподтёков и выделений из новообразования;
- однородный цвет и структура;
- правильная форма.
Признаки рака кожи:
- Быстрый рост (от 0,5 см в месяц в любом из размеров).
- Крупные размеры.
- Любые выделения, кровотечения.
- Самопроизвольное образование язв и дефектов папилломы.
- Выпадение ранее содержавшихся волос как в самом наросте, так и вокруг него.
- Неоднородность цвета и структуры образования.
- Внезапное появление новых атипичных долей, разрастание.
- Неправильная форма.
Если вы заметили у себя хотя бы один из перечисленных признаков злокачественной папилломы, то следует немедленно проводить лечение и диагностику в лечебном учреждении. Любое применение народных методов, попытки самостоятельно выжечь или вырезать патологический очаг только ухудшат прогноз и поспособствуют еще большей малигнизации и ускорению распространения метастазов.
Лечение бородавок на руках
Браться за лечение можно как по личному желанию, так и при необходимости — исключить перерождение папилломы в опухоль. В подавляющем большинстве случаев причиной старта лечения является желание пациента избавиться от косметических дефектов. При отсутствии подозрений на рак новообразования удаляются одномоментно и безболезненно с применением следующих техник:
- Замораживание при помощи жидкого азота. Процедура занимает порядка 5-15 минут, в зависимости от количества папиллом. Высокоэффективна при множественных мелких образованиях и практически не имеет смысла при крупных, больше 0,5 см.
- Термокоагуляция. Патологические образования буквально выжигаются. Во всем остальном метод идентичен предыдущему.
- Хирургическое иссечение. Операция проводится под местной анестезией, имеет 100% эффективность. Удаляется папиллома вместе с окружающими тканями. Возможность ее проводить появляется только при крупных образованиях. Лучше всего сочетать с замораживанием или термокоагуляцией для удаления мелких образований вокруг основного.
- Местное некротизирование и кератолитии. Средства для наружного применения наносятся на поверхность бородавок в течении 1-3 недель. В итоге разрушаются все слои патологической ткани. Метод длителен, ненадежен и малоэффективен при крупных бородавках.
- Улучшение работы иммунной системы. Зная, почему появляются бородавки на руках, было решено воздействовать на саму причину патологии. Применяются всевозможные иммуномодулирующие, противовирусные и витаминные препараты. Метод малоэффективен и не нашел широкого распространения в виду своей дороговизны.
Если имеется подозрение на злокачественное новообразование, то лечение возможно исключительно хирургическим путем. Производится удаление подозрительного очага вместе со всеми слоями кожи. В дальнейшем образование подвергается гистологическому исследованию для подтверждения или опровержения диагноза. Чем раньше вы обратитесь за медицинской помощью, тем больше у вас шансов на выздоровление. “Поимка” рака в ранней стадии, до его прорастания в подлежащие ткани, (т.н. рак на месте) приводит к полному излечению без дополнительных операций, лучевой и химиотерапии.
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